The Stars before him from the Field of Night,
Drives Night along with them from Heav'n, and strikes
The Sultán's Turret with a Shaft of Light.
其一
驅(qū)盡繁星天宇澄,掃除長(zhǎng)夜看東升。殷勤又喚浮生夢(mèng),遙射宮樓最上層。
○繁星:傅玄《雜詩(shī)》其一:“繁星依青天,列宿自成行?!碧煊睿禾炜找病W笏肌段憾假x》:“傮響起,疑震霆。天宇駭,地廬驚。”○掃除:廓清也。《三國(guó)志·蜀志·先主傳》:“掃除寇難,靖匡王室?!遍L(zhǎng)夜:《楚辭·九章·悲回風(fēng)》:“終長(zhǎng)夜之曼曼兮,掩此哀而不去?!?span id="xzczbog" class='myCommentTag'>○殷勤:關(guān)注貌。曹操 《請(qǐng)追贈(zèng)郭嘉封邑表》:“賢君殷勤于清良,圣祖敦篤于明勛?!备∩?span id="tl1xaia" class='book'>《莊子·刻意》:“其生若浮,其死若休?!贝司渥g原文之“覺(jué)矣!”(Wake!)○宮樓:宮中之殿閣樓宇。張籍《寒食內(nèi)宴》其一:“朝光瑞氣滿(mǎn)宮樓?!睂m樓最上層,譯“蘇丹之塔樓”,蓋用原文則韻致不易協(xié)也。Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried,
"When all the Temple is prepared within,
Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?"
其二
客舍微茫見(jiàn)曉星,忽聞高語(yǔ)苦叮嚀:“堂前樂(lè)圣歌將作,枕上游仙夢(mèng)早醒?!?/p> ○客舍:旅人投宿處。王維《送元二使安西》:“客舍青青柳色新?!睍孕牵呵殖克?jiàn)欲沉之星也?;蛟?,即太白也。李商隱《嫦娥》:“長(zhǎng)河漸落曉星沉。”○高語(yǔ):高聲語(yǔ)也。陸游《五月二十一日風(fēng)雨大作》:“對(duì)面不聞高語(yǔ)聲?!?span id="bjld0ah" class='myCommentTag'>○樂(lè)圣:唐李適之《罷相作》:“避賢初罷相,樂(lè)圣且銜杯?!鄙w用《三國(guó)志·魏志·徐邈傳》故實(shí),以“樂(lè)圣”為嗜酒。此句譯原文“神宮之設(shè)醮皆已備矣”。彼之設(shè)醮,即樂(lè)酒神也。○游仙夢(mèng):飾言睡夢(mèng)也。洪升《長(zhǎng)生殿·聞樂(lè)》:“好憑一枕游仙夢(mèng),暗授千秋法曲音?!?
And, as the Cock crew, those who stood before
The Tavern shouted—"Open then the Door!
You know how little while we have to stay,
And, once departed, may return no more."
其三
一唱雄雞起主人,便聞客子打門(mén)頻:“莫將《蒿里》無(wú)常曲,負(fù)卻樽前有限身。”
○一唱雄雞:毛澤東《浣溪沙·和柳亞子先生》:“一唱雄雞天下白?!鄙w用李賀《致酒行》:“雄雞一聲天下白?!?span id="nebtlzr" class='myCommentTag'>○蒿里:《漢書(shū)·廣陵厲王劉胥傳》:“蒿里召兮郭門(mén)閱,死不得取代庸,身自逝?!鳖亷煿抛ⅲ骸拜锢铮廊死??!惫视脼橥旄杳?。晉崔豹《古今注·音樂(lè)》:“亦謂人死魂魄歸于蒿里……使挽柩者歌之,世呼為挽歌?!贝司渥g原文“吾輩但得稍留耳,一旦行,恐不能復(fù)歸矣?!北艘杂鞲∩?。○有限身:李敬方《勸酒》:“日日無(wú)窮事,區(qū)區(qū)有限身。”蓋客子所叩者,酒舍也。The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,
Where the WHITE HAND OF MOSES on the Bough
Puts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.
其四
萬(wàn)象新生賴(lài)一元,幽人觀化到無(wú)言。誰(shuí)將花雪招招至?自見(jiàn)天心漠漠存。
○萬(wàn)象:天地諸物象也。謝靈運(yùn)《從游京口北固應(yīng)詔》:“萬(wàn)象咸光昭?!币辉?span id="0xjb0ob" class='book'>《公羊傳·隱公元年》:“元者何?君之始年也?!倍偈?span id="jvdzxpx" class='book'>《春秋繁露·玉英》:“謂一元者,大始也?!庇脼闅q之始也。○幽人:幽居之士。《易·履》:“履道坦坦,幽人貞吉。”觀化:觀造化之運(yùn)也。《莊子·至樂(lè)》:“且吾與子觀化而化及我,我又何惡焉!”李白《送岑徵君歸鳴皋山》:“探玄入窅默,觀化游無(wú)垠。”此句譯原文“玄思之魂退藏于寂”。○誰(shuí)將二句,譯原文“彼寂處也,其枝綴白華,雪色如摩西之手;而耶穌之息,出乎其地中?!倍淙肴A言不韻,以儒家“天地之常,以其心普萬(wàn)物而無(wú)心”之意達(dá)之。And Jamshyd's Sev'n-ring'd Cup where no one knows;
But still a Ruby kindles in the Vine,
And many a Garden by the Water blows.
其五
苑中玉樹(shù)曲方闌,杯里金莖露又乾。惟有年年春水畔,萬(wàn)千紅紫盡君歡。
○玉樹(shù)曲:《陳書(shū)·皇后傳·后主張貴妃》:“后主每引賓客對(duì)貴妃等游宴,則使諸貴人及女學(xué)士與狎客共賦新詩(shī),互相贈(zèng)答。采其尤艷麗者以為曲詞,被以新聲……其曲有《玉樹(shù)后庭花》、《臨春樂(lè)》等,大指所歸,皆美張貴妃 、 孔貴嬪之容色也?!贝艘躁惡笾髦畬m苑譬原文之Iram園也。皆盛極而衰。○金莖露:李商隱 《漢宮詞》:“不賜金莖露一杯。”馮浩箋注引《三輔黃圖》:“建章宮有神明臺(tái),武帝造,祭仙人處。上有承露臺(tái),有銅仙人舒掌捧銅盤(pán)玉杯,以承云表之露,和玉屑服之?!贝艘詽h武帝之銅盤(pán)玉杯譬原文Jamshyd之七環(huán)杯也。皆欲久而斬。High-piping Pehleví, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
"Red Wine!" the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That sallow cheek of hers to' incarnadine.
其六
詩(shī)律長(zhǎng)瘖似凍烏,殷勤誰(shuí)解勸提壺?不辭唱盡春風(fēng)媚,添與薔薇一點(diǎn)朱。
○詩(shī)律句:陳維崧《和荔裳先生韻亦得十有二首》其六:“詩(shī)律三年廢,長(zhǎng)瘖似凍烏?!贝司渥g原文“大衛(wèi)之歌唇鎖矣”。蓋云歌云詩(shī),其實(shí)一也。○殷勤:反復(fù)貌。《后漢書(shū)·陳蕃傳》:“天之于漢,恨之無(wú)已,故殷勤示變,以悟陛下。”《北史·拓拔澄傳》:“澄亦盡心匡輔,事有不便于人者,必于諫諍殷勤不已,內(nèi)外咸敬憚之?!碧釅兀禾釅伉B(niǎo)之鳴聲。提壺鳥(niǎo),亦作“提壺蘆”,“提胡蘆”,即鵜鶘。周紫芝 《提壺蘆》:“提壺蘆,樹(shù)頭勸酒聲相呼,勸人沽酒無(wú)處沽?!庇靡云┰闹国L。其鳴聲皆類(lèi)勸酒也。○唱盡:原文夜鶯鳴聲之“酒,酒,酒,殷紅酒。”此揭其聲之急促不止也。The Winter-garment of Repentance fling:
The Bird of Time has but a little way
To flutter—and the Bird is on the Wing.
其七
春陽(yáng)驅(qū)盡去年心,好共東風(fēng)酒滿(mǎn)斟。君看長(zhǎng)空孤鳥(niǎo)去,不堪萬(wàn)古此消沉。
○春陽(yáng)句:譯“汝之悔也如寒衣,請(qǐng)擲諸春陽(yáng)間?!倍P拙不能達(dá)原文之譬喻意也。初譯“紅泥爐火葬青襟,便與春風(fēng)酒滿(mǎn)斟?!本渌粕胁煌ㄒ病?span id="6ofxk5n" class='myCommentTag'>○君看二句:杜牧《登樂(lè)游原》:“長(zhǎng)空澹澹孤鳥(niǎo)沒(méi),萬(wàn)古銷(xiāo)沉向此中。”此譯原文“時(shí)之逝也如鳥(niǎo),其路無(wú)多,而今已振其翅矣?!倍锌壬钛伞?Whether the Cup with sweet or bitter run,
The Wine of Life keeps oozing drop by drop,
The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one.
其八
問(wèn)甚故園和帝京?云何醪濁與酤清?生涯終似杯杯淺,壽命偏如葉葉輕。
○帝京:帝都也。《漢武故事》:“上幸河?xùn)|,欣言中流,與群臣飲宴,顧視帝京,乃自作《秋風(fēng)辭》?!痹腘aishápúr,奧瑪珈音之故園也,Babylon,古巴比倫國(guó)之帝都也。○醪濁、酤清:酒之濁清也。 左思 《魏都賦》:“清酤如濟(jì),濁醪如河。”酒之清者佳、濁者劣,故以譯原文之甘、苦也。Yes, but where leaves the Rose of Yesterday?
And this first Summer month that brings the Rose
Shall take Jamshyd and Kaikobád away.
其九
若言日日有花紅,誰(shuí)見(jiàn)年年花盡同?君看門(mén)前春水漲,浪花淘盡古英雄。
○年年花:劉希夷《代悲白頭翁》:“年年歲歲花相似,歲歲年年人不同?!毕嗨贫?,是不盡同也。○浪花句:楊慎《臨江仙》:“滾滾長(zhǎng)江東逝水,浪花淘盡英雄。”蓋用蘇軾《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》:“大江東去,浪淘盡、千古風(fēng)流人物。”古英雄,即原文之Jamshyd與Kaikobád,皆古波斯王也。原文“初夏之月,帶得薔薇開(kāi)也,又將彼王去也。”譯文以春花、春水關(guān)聯(lián),暗點(diǎn)此意。With Kaikobád the Great, or Kaikhosrú?
Let Zál and Rustum bluster as they will,
Or Hátim call to Supper——heed not you.
其十
英雄淘盡只由他,古帝名王干我何!誰(shuí)管大人龍戰(zhàn)怒?誰(shuí)聽(tīng)小雅《鹿鳴》歌?
○名王:《漢書(shū)·宣帝紀(jì)》:“匈奴單于遣名王奉獻(xiàn),賀正月,始和親?!鳖亷煿抛ⅲ骸懊跽?,謂有大名,以別諸小王也?!弊g文以飾言外邦之君王也。○大人:《易·乾》:“利見(jiàn)大人?!饼垜?zhàn):《易·乾》:“龍戰(zhàn)于野?!贝俗gZál 與 Rustum之怒戰(zhàn)也。○鹿鳴:《詩(shī)·小雅·鹿鳴》,《小序》:“燕群臣嘉賓也。”此譯Hátim之呼宴也。
That just divides the desert from the sown,
Where name of Slave and Sultan is forgot—
And Peace to Mahmúd on his golden Throne!
其十一
中分瀚海與耕田,一帶平沙細(xì)草前。惟愿君王全盛日,與儂留作小神仙。
○君王:譯原文“盡教Mahmud王之安享金座耳?!鄙w彼君王之全盛,尚不足慕,諷其無(wú)道之意宛然也。○小神仙:周希陶《重訂增廣賢文》:“有書(shū)真富貴,無(wú)事小神仙?!弊g原文“在其處也,輿臺(tái)與君王之別盡忘矣。”蓋齊物而至于輿臺(tái)與君王之無(wú)別,則其逍遙若小神仙矣。A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread—and Thou
Beside me singing in the Wilderness—
Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!
其十二
涼陰正好卷詩(shī)書(shū),蔬食常豐薄酒馀。得汝清歌時(shí)一囀,何妨廣漠是華胥!
○卷詩(shī)書(shū):杜甫《聞官軍收河南河北》:“漫卷詩(shī)書(shū)喜欲狂?!?span id="zlol1nv" class='myCommentTag'>○蔬食:簡(jiǎn)食也。《論語(yǔ)·述而》:“飯疏食飲水,曲肱而枕之,樂(lè)亦在其中矣?!?span id="tbdqium" class='myCommentTag'>○清歌時(shí)一囀:盧照鄰《長(zhǎng)安古意》:“清歌一囀口氛氳。”○廣漠:遼闊空曠貌。《莊子·逍遙游》:“今子有大樹(shù),患其無(wú)用,何不樹(shù)之于無(wú)何有之鄉(xiāng),廣莫之野?”華胥:《列子·黃帝》:“(黃帝)晝寢,而夢(mèng)游于華胥氏之國(guó)。 華胥氏之國(guó)在弇州之西, 臺(tái)州之北,不知斯齊國(guó)幾千萬(wàn)里。蓋非舟車(chē)足力之所及,神游而已。其國(guó)無(wú)帥長(zhǎng),自然而已;其民無(wú)嗜欲,自然而已…… 黃帝既寤,怡然自得?!币云錇樽匀粺o(wú)嗜欲之境,譯原文之“天堂”。○此黃克孫譯之佳作,其譯曰:“一簞疏食一壺漿,一卷詩(shī)書(shū)樹(shù)下涼。卿為阿儂歌瀚海,茫茫瀚海即天堂?!焙髞?lái)譯者殊難為繼。而眭謙兄譯曰:“一片乾糇一卷詩(shī),一壺美酒傍疏枝。荒原有汝歌清發(fā),爰得樂(lè)郊無(wú)盡時(shí)?!笔獠灰滓病S嗯f譯:“亦有桐陰一卷詩(shī),一簞食與一鴟夷。卿來(lái)廣漠長(zhǎng)歌罷,天上人間兩不知?!比ト≈H,頗為躊躇,蓋均不佳也。Sigh for the Prophet's Paradise to come;
Ah, take the Cash, and let the Credit go,
Nor heed the rumble of a distant Drum!
其十三
眼前富貴賺渠儂,海上蓬萊去不逢。還我及時(shí)一杯酒,興亡休問(wèn)景陽(yáng)鐘。
○渠儂:他,方言也。楊萬(wàn)里《過(guò)瘦牛嶺》詩(shī):“夜來(lái)尚有馀樽在,急喚渠儂破客愁。”○蓬萊:《史記·封禪書(shū)》:“自威、宣、燕昭使人入海求蓬萊、方丈、瀛洲,此三神山者,其傳在勃海中?!弊g原文“先知之天堂”,皆幻境也。○景陽(yáng)鐘:南朝齊武帝以宮深不聞端門(mén)鼓漏聲,置鐘于景陽(yáng)樓上。事見(jiàn)《南齊書(shū)·皇后傳·武穆裴皇后》。二句譯原文“但得現(xiàn)錢(qián),毋問(wèn)契券。宮外鼓聲尚遙,勿掛心耳?!?Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow,
"At once the silken tassel of my Purse
"Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw."
其十四
恨不為卿言化工:“莫教含笑事東風(fēng)。一朝吹得絲囊盡,漫許人誇拂地紅?!?/p> ○化工:造化也。賈誼《鵩鳥(niǎo)賦》:“且夫天地為爐兮,造化為工?!痹?《春蟬》詩(shī):“作詩(shī)憐化工,不遣春蟬生。”○拂地紅:溫庭筠《屈柘詞》:“楊柳縈橋綠,玫瑰拂地紅。”○原文云:“玫瑰環(huán)吾人怒放。彼云:我來(lái)此世間嫣然而放,忽然錦囊之絲穗自解,其中珍寶遍園中矣。”以中有凄怨,故以代言譯之,庶得怨而不怒之旨。
And those who flung it to the winds like Rain,
Alike to no such aureate Earth are turn'd
As, buried once, Men want dug up again.
其十五
曰儉曰奢徒費(fèi)吟,一朝身死總消沉。江頭誰(shuí)問(wèn)懷沙恨?淘盡江沙只見(jiàn)金。
○曰儉曰奢:李商隱《詠史》:“歷覽前賢國(guó)與家,成由勤儉破由奢。”○懷沙:《史記·屈原賈生列傳》:“(屈原)作《懷沙》之賦。于是懷石,遂自投汨羅以死?!?span id="fckxtbd" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“吝之者金視其谷,揮之者若風(fēng)吹雨散。若輩皆不能如金沙,一朝沉埋,無(wú)復(fù)出矣?!弊g文后二句,遐出感慨。Turns Ashes—or it prospers; and anon,
Like Snow upon the Desert's dusty Face,
Lighting a little hour or two—is gone.
其十六
富貴區(qū)區(qū)徒爾為,榮華誰(shuí)見(jiàn)不曾衰?茫茫一片胡沙雪,明滅逼人能幾時(shí)?
○徒爾為:徒然也。任昉《述異記》卷四:“石犬不可吠,銅駝徒爾為。”○胡沙:邊外之沙漠也。鮑君徽 《關(guān)山月》詩(shī):“朔風(fēng)悲邊草,胡沙暗虜營(yíng)。”○明滅:忽明忽暗貌。李白《夢(mèng)游天姥吟留別》:“云霞明滅或可睹?!?Whose Portals are alternate Night and Day,
How Sultán after Sultán with his Pomp
Abode his destined Hour, and went his way.
其十七
天地何妨逆旅看?門(mén)前日月轉(zhuǎn)雙丸。榮華多少逢迎盡,一樣匆匆遣素檀。
○逆旅:《左傳·僖公二年》:“今虢為不道,保于逆旅?!倍蓬A(yù)注:“逆旅,客舍也?!?span id="1qn0tht" class='myCommentTag'>○雙丸:二彈丸也,以之?dāng)M日月。白玉蟾《述古》其一:“乾坤兩餅分,日月雙丸跳?!?span id="cfw5e6a" class='myCommentTag'>○素檀:“蘇丹”之別譯,見(jiàn)《明史》。The Courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep:
And Bahrám, that great Hunter—the Wild Ass
Stamps o'er his Head, but cannot break his Sleep.
其十八
巨殿高陵沒(méi)棘叢,君臣宴樂(lè)一時(shí)空。野驢踏得骷髏破,不遇名王射虎弓。
○棘叢:原文云:“皆云昔日J(rèn)amshyd豪飲盛宴之宮廷,今但付猛獅巨蜥矣?!币匀~韻不易,改云“沒(méi)棘叢”耳。○名王:Bahram王也。傳其善射云。The Rose as where some buried C?sar bled;
That every Hyacinth the Garden wears
Dropt in her Lap from some once lovely Head.
其十九
經(jīng)慣風(fēng)腥草木窮,開(kāi)從戰(zhàn)血色逾紅??v教詞客憐香澤,肯與釵鈿墜處同?
○風(fēng)腥草木:元好問(wèn)《壬辰十二月車(chē)駕東狩后即事》:“高原出水山河改,戰(zhàn)地風(fēng)來(lái)草木腥。”○戰(zhàn)血:原文云:“更無(wú)薔薇紅逾Coesar埋骨處者?!?span id="px0p0c1" class='myCommentTag'>○縱教二句:周邦彥《六丑·薔薇謝后作》:“釵鈿墮處遺香澤?!痹脑疲骸皥@中之風(fēng)信子,或墜自美人頭上焉。”以風(fēng)信子與美人似無(wú)瓜葛,或有譯為玉簪花者。今譯承上二句,仍作Rose視,用周邦彥詞之典實(shí),勾連美人之釵鈿。Fledges the River-Lip on which we lean—
Ah, lean upon it lightly! for who knows
From what once lovely Lip it springs unseen!
其二十
依依記得綠羅裙,芳草相憐意最殷。更著江頭離別淚,滴成晴碧遠(yuǎn)連云。
○依依二句:牛希濟(jì)《生查子》:“記得綠羅裙,處處憐芳草?!?span id="1cfxarp" class='myCommentTag'>○晴碧遠(yuǎn)連云:歐陽(yáng)修《少年游》:“欄干十二獨(dú)憑春,晴碧遠(yuǎn)連云?!?span id="yfiphur" class='myCommentTag'>○原文以River-Lip與Lip呼應(yīng),譯文則以情人相憐之意與江頭離別之淚呼應(yīng)。TO-DAY of past Regrets and future Fears:
To-morrow!—Why, To-morrow I may be
Myself with Yesterday's Sev'n thousand Years.
其二十一
殷勤把酒勸卿卿,來(lái)日須同去日傾。萬(wàn)一明朝天地改,劫灰飛盡古今平。
○天地改:陶淵明《擬古》其九:“枝條始欲茂,忽值山河改?!?span id="7asfr05" class='myCommentTag'>○劫灰句:李賀《秦王飲酒》中之原句。原文云:“明日耶?明日之吾,恐已在七千年前之昨日矣?!鄙w莪默之時(shí),波斯人以地球之齡為七千年也。長(zhǎng)吉之句意甚合焉。That from his Vintage rolling Time hath prest,
Have drunk their Cup a Round or two before,
And one by one crept silently to rest.
其二十二
當(dāng)時(shí)座上盡豪英,春已高歌酒已傾。酒苦無(wú)多春苦短,凄涼忽向北邙行。
○豪英:陳與義《臨江仙·夜登小閣憶洛中舊游》:“憶昔午橋橋上飲,坐中多是豪英?!?span id="n56p5bp" class='myCommentTag'>○北邙:邙山,因在洛陽(yáng)之北,故名。 東漢、魏、晉王侯公卿多葬此。沈佺期《邙山》詩(shī):“北邙山上列墳塋,萬(wàn)古千秋對(duì) 洛城 ?!焙蠼柚改沟亍L諠?span id="f2yre1b" class='book'>《擬古》其四:“一旦百歲后,相與還北邙?!?span id="sugtr5s" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“彼皆千古風(fēng)流之人物,而為吾人所慕者也。年華醞釀,若葡萄之成酒。彼方飲一杯兩盞,遽相隨長(zhǎng)眠不復(fù)醒矣。”譯文以年華與佳釀并行,不用喻格。They left, and Summer dresses in new bloom,
Ourselves must we beneath the Couch of Earth
Descend—ourselves to make a Couch—for whom?
其二十三
占得誰(shuí)家歌舞場(chǎng)?腰肢弦管滿(mǎn)華堂。壽非金石終須盡,又替誰(shuí)家占北邙?
○腰肢:李商隱《燕臺(tái)四首·冬》:“空城罷舞腰肢在?!?span id="qn1zhum" class='myCommentTag'>○壽非金石:《古詩(shī)十九首》其十一:“人生非金石,豈能長(zhǎng)壽考。”陸游《望梅》:“壽非金石。恨天教老向,水程山驛。”Before we too into the Dust descend;
Dust into Dust, and under Dust to lie,
Sans Wine, sans Song, sans Singer, and—sans End
其二十四
富貴須行樂(lè)及身,人生奄忽若飆塵。一朝塵復(fù)歸黃土,無(wú)酒無(wú)歌始識(shí)貧。
○富貴句:《漢書(shū)·楊?lèi)羵鳌?/span>:“人生行樂(lè)耳,須富貴何時(shí)?!?span id="nl6ta5x" class='myCommentTag'>○奄忽若飆塵:《古詩(shī)十九首》其四:“人生寄一世,奄忽若飆塵。”And those that after some TO-MORROW stare,
A Muezzin from the Tower of Darkness cries,
"Fools! your Reward is neither Here nor There."
其二十五
“來(lái)世茫茫今世空”,雞人一語(yǔ)警愚蒙。金莖露冷建章殿,玉管風(fēng)寒長(zhǎng)樂(lè)宮。
○雞人:《周禮·春官·雞人》:“雞人掌共雞牲,辨其物。大祭祀,夜嘑旦以嘂百官。凡國(guó)之大賓客、會(huì)同、軍旅、喪紀(jì),亦如之。凡國(guó)事為期,則告之時(shí)。凡祭祀,面禳釁,共其雞牲?!焙髮?zhuān)指宮廷值漏者。陸倕 《新刻漏銘》:“坐朝晏罷,每旦晨興,屬傳漏之音,聽(tīng)雞人之響?!弊g原文之Muezzin,蓋回教寺院叫拜樓上報(bào)呼禱告時(shí)刻者也。○建章殿:喻漢武求仙之虛無(wú)。譯原文“有人也,矚目于明朝。”○長(zhǎng)樂(lè)宮:喻漢高行樂(lè)之虛無(wú)。譯原文“有人也,綢繆于今日?!?Of the Two Worlds so wisely—they are thrust
Like foolish Prophets forth; their Words to Scorn
Are scatter'd, and their Mouths are stopt with Dust.
其二十六
方士硁硁術(shù)士誣,神仙畢竟是虛無(wú)。不聞大藥黃金得,只見(jiàn)荒丘宿草蕪。
○方士:方術(shù)之士。《史記·封禪書(shū)》:“騶衍以陰陽(yáng)主運(yùn)顯于諸侯,而燕齊海上之方士傳其術(shù)不能通?!背n硁:《論語(yǔ)·子路》:“言必信,行必果,硁硁然小人哉!”此貌方士取信之態(tài)也。術(shù)士:言陰陽(yáng)災(zāi)異之士。《漢書(shū)·夏侯勝傳》:“曩者地震北海、瑯邪,壞祖宗廟,朕甚懼焉。其與列侯、中二千石博問(wèn)術(shù)士,有以應(yīng)變,補(bǔ)朕之闕,毋有所諱?!蹦踩?《理惑論》:“牟子常以五經(jīng)難之,道家術(shù)士,莫敢對(duì)焉?!?span id="jgt11zs" class='myCommentTag'>○大藥:道家之丹也。杜甫《贈(zèng)李白》詩(shī):“苦乏大藥資,山林跡如掃?!?span id="f6mzxp6" class='myCommentTag'>○宿草:隔年之草。《禮記·檀弓上》:“朋友之墓,有宿草而不哭焉?!笨追f達(dá)疏:“宿草,陳根也,草經(jīng)一年則根陳也,朋友相為哭一期,草根陳乃不哭也。”后常借指墳?zāi)埂?span id="mov6sph" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“圣哲之言今世他世也,盡虛廓談。一旦塵土掩其口,其言自敗,曾愚妄術(shù)士輩之不若也!”今用漢晉方士、術(shù)士故實(shí)譯之。○魏新河兄譯云:“天上人間迥不倫,例從圣哲問(wèn)迷津。如今何故三緘口,霧鎖塵封語(yǔ)莫陳?!?Doctor and Saint, and heard great argument
About it and about: but evermore
Came out by the same door where in I went.
其二十七
當(dāng)年遍問(wèn)道根源,直造玄談與圣論。生死茫茫終是惑,出時(shí)仍到入時(shí)門(mén)。
○道根源:王禹偁《日長(zhǎng)簡(jiǎn)仲咸》:“伯陽(yáng)書(shū)見(jiàn)道根源?!?span id="61km5ug" class='myCommentTag'>○玄談:魏晉玄學(xué)之談。葛洪《抱樸子·嘉遁》:“積篇章為敖庾,寶玄談為金玉?!弊g原文之Doctor。圣論:班固《典引序》:“臣固常伏刻誦圣論,昭明好惡,不遺微細(xì),緣事斷誼,動(dòng)有規(guī)矩?!弊g原文之Saint。○余舊譯:“志學(xué)曾希為圣徒,出游惟是訪名儒。既知章句誠(chéng)堪鄙,便把來(lái)途作去途。”以漢儒故實(shí)譯之。嫌末句不典,更譯。○魏新河兄譯云:“為問(wèn)窮通好訪賢,當(dāng)年林下競(jìng)談天。如今自顧依然我,卻向來(lái)時(shí)路上還?!?And with mine own hand wrought to make it grow;
And this was all the Harvest that I reap'd—
"I came like Water, and like Wind I go."
其二十八
學(xué)盡多方作本根,得來(lái)全不見(jiàn)微言。道樞人極都休問(wèn),水跡風(fēng)蹤豈有痕?
○多方:學(xué)博也。《莊子·天下》:“惠施多方,其書(shū)五車(chē)?!?span id="mzcomul" class='myCommentTag'>○微言:微妙之言。劉歆《移書(shū)讓太常博士》:“及夫子沒(méi)而微言絕,七十子卒而大義乖?!?span id="6lo6a15" class='myCommentTag'>○道樞:《莊子·齊物論》:“彼是莫得其偶,謂之道樞?!比藰O:沈約《梁明堂登歌·歌黑帝》:“祚我無(wú)疆,永隆人極。”○道樞二句譯原文之“來(lái)如流水兮逝如風(fēng)”,道樞句襯意,水跡句正言。○魏新河兄譯云:“亦知弘道似栽松,千尺干云有始終。卻看此身何所有,來(lái)如流水去如風(fēng)?!?Nor Whence, like Water willy-nilly flowing;
And out of it, as Wind along the Waste,
I know not Whither, willy-nilly blowing.
其二十九
莫問(wèn)根源到太初,莫尋根蒂向空虛。涇流有量秋時(shí)至,大塊無(wú)心氣自噓。
○太初:《列子·天瑞》:“太初者,氣之始也?!?span id="tqdgx60" class='myCommentTag'>○涇流句:《莊子·秋水》:“秋水時(shí)至,百川灌河。涇流之大,兩渚崖之間,不辨牛馬。”○大塊:《莊子·齊物論》:“夫大塊噫氣,其名為風(fēng)?!背尚⑹瑁骸按髩K者,造物之名,亦自然之稱(chēng)也?!?span id="krj5h6t" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“不辨其因,不知其所從來(lái),入此宇內(nèi),如水之潺潺;亦不知其所自去,如風(fēng)之泠泠,沿廣漠而吹焉。”譯文交錯(cuò)其句,以《莊子》之辭潤(rùn)色之。○魏新河兄譯云:“莫從物理問(wèn)源頭,一脈天然自在流。無(wú)所由來(lái)無(wú)所去,暫如風(fēng)翼掠沙丘。”And, without asking, Whither hurried hence!
Oh, many a Cup of this forbidden Wine
Must drown the memory of that insolence!
其三十
止酒徒增百歲哀,且將大惑付馀杯。人間死去生來(lái)事,莫用玄言作漫猜。
○止酒:戒酒也。陶潛 《止酒》詩(shī):“平生不止酒,止酒情無(wú)喜?!卑贇q哀:《古詩(shī)十九首》其十五:“生年不滿(mǎn)百,常懷千歲憂?!?span id="yqnasf0" class='myCommentTag'>○大惑:極疑惑不解事。《韓非子·揚(yáng)權(quán)》:“凡治之極,下不能得。周合刑名,民乃守職,去此更求,是謂大惑?!?span id="2iacjbp" class='myCommentTag'>○玄言:魏晉玄學(xué)之談言。《晉書(shū)·簡(jiǎn)文帝紀(jì)》:“及長(zhǎng),清虛寡欲,尤善玄言。”此用為無(wú)征實(shí)之言。○魏新河兄譯云:“斫輪妙理固難宣,昔我曾經(jīng)誤幾番。來(lái)去從今都不問(wèn),好憑杯酒到忘言?!?I rose, and on the Throne of Saturn sate,
And many a Knot unravel'd by the Road;
But not the Master-knot of Human Fate.
其三十一
御氣環(huán)巡列宿斜,拂云遙見(jiàn)鎮(zhèn)星華。已經(jīng)屈子無(wú)窮問(wèn),未到莊生不盡涯。
○御氣:猶御風(fēng)。王融 《三月三日曲水詩(shī)序》:“時(shí)乘既位,御氣之駕翔焉?!绷兴蓿罕娦撬抟?,尤指二十八宿。《楚辭·九嘆·遠(yuǎn)逝》:“指列宿以白情兮,訴五帝以置詞?!蓖跻葑ⅲ骸把约涸负笾刚Z(yǔ)二十八宿,以列己清白之情。”○鎮(zhèn)星:土星也,以其二十八年行一周天,則年鎮(zhèn)一宿也,故名。《資治通鑒·后周太祖廣順三年》:“鎮(zhèn)星行至角亢?!焙∽ⅲ骸版?zhèn)星,土星也?!?span id="v0naldq" class='myCommentTag'>○屈子:王逸《楚辭章句》:“《天問(wèn)》者,屈原之所作也?!胖?,憂心愁悴。彷徨山澤,經(jīng)歷陵陸。嗟號(hào)昊旻,仰天嘆息。見(jiàn)楚有先王之廟及公卿祠堂,圖畫(huà)天地山川神靈,琦瑋僪佹,及古賢圣怪物行事。周流罷倦,休息其下,仰見(jiàn)圖畫(huà),因書(shū)其壁,呵而問(wèn)之,以渫憤懣,舒瀉愁思?!?span id="6m5ifnf" class='myCommentTag'>○莊生:《莊子·養(yǎng)生主》:“吾生也有涯,而知也無(wú)涯,以有涯隨無(wú)涯,殆已。”○原文云:“吾自地之心,升至天之第七門(mén),而踞土星之座矣。天行之惑盡解,而運(yùn)命之惑徒在焉?!鄙w波斯人視第七天為土星天也。譯文以《天問(wèn)》當(dāng)天行之惑,以莊子之無(wú)涯為運(yùn)命之嘆也。○黃克孫譯甚佳,云:“騎鶴神游阿母臺(tái),七重天闕拂云來(lái)。玉皇仙籍偷觀盡,司命天書(shū)揭不開(kāi)?!?There was the Veil through which I might not see:
Some little talk awhile of ME and THEE
There was—and then no more of THEE and ME.
其三十二
門(mén)掩瑤池帳掩宮,遙聞高會(huì)意難通。知誰(shuí)偷得仙桃種?栽到人間一遍紅。
○瑤池:池名,傳言在昆侖,西王母居處。《史記·大宛列傳》:“昆崙其高二千五百馀里,日月所相避隱為光明也。其上有醴泉、瑤池 。”《穆天子傳》卷三:“乙丑,天子觴西王母于瑤池之上?!?span id="05tbewj" class='myCommentTag'>○仙桃:《漢武故事》:“東郡送一短人,……召東方朔問(wèn)。朔至,呼短人曰:‘巨靈,汝何忽叛來(lái),阿母還未?’短人不對(duì),因指朔謂上曰:‘王母種桃,三千年一作子,此兒不良,已三過(guò)偷之矣?!?span id="b1xphur" class='myCommentTag'>○ 原文云:“有戶(hù)也,莫能得其鍵;有簾也,莫使見(jiàn)其內(nèi)。亦有偶語(yǔ)吾汝者,倏而不復(fù)聞矣。”蓋吾汝,帝與吾人也。借東方朔偷桃事衍譯。In flowing Purple, of their Lord forlorn;
Nor rolling Heaven, with all his Signs reveal'd
And hidden by the sleeve of Night and Morn.
其三十三
欲問(wèn)茫茫造化因,地?zé)o一語(yǔ)答吾人。海唯愁訴滄桑事,天自潛行十二辰。
○造化:自然也。《莊子·大宗師》:“今一以天地為大爐,以造化為大冶,惡乎往而不可哉?”此句原文無(wú),譯文揣其意而衍出。○滄桑:滄海桑田也,喻世事之大變。葛洪《神仙傳·王遠(yuǎn)》:“麻姑自說(shuō)云:‘接侍以來(lái),已見(jiàn)東海三為桑田。’”原文云:“海亦不言,惟涌紫波,若悼其決絕之主人。”蓋波斯人以紫衣為喪服。譯文以滄桑事喻海之見(jiàn)絕也。○十二辰:星次也。《史記·天官書(shū)》“斗秉兼之,所從來(lái)久矣?!?張守節(jié)《正義》:“言北斗所建秉十二辰,兼十二州,二十八宿,自古所用,從來(lái)久遠(yuǎn)矣。”沈括 《夢(mèng)溪筆談·象數(shù)一》:“今考子丑至于戌亥謂之十二辰者,《左傳》云:‘日月之會(huì)是謂辰’,一歲日月十二會(huì)于東方,蒼龍、角、亢之舍起于辰,故以所首者名之?!痹脑疲骸疤煲喽?,但運(yùn)其晝夜不止,如揮衣袖,十二辰隱現(xiàn)于其間也?!?span id="ebtbdbi" class='myCommentTag'>○此亦黃克孫之佳譯,云:“遍訪乾坤總惘然,天垂日月寂無(wú)言。海濤悲涌深藍(lán)色,不答凡夫問(wèn)太玄?!?The Veil, I lifted up my hands to find
A lamp amid the Darkness; and I heard,
As from Without—"THE ME WITHIN THEE BLIND!"
其三十四
直上遙天叫帝閽,帝其示我道根源。帝從天外遙相答:“道自昭昭汝自昏?!?/p> ○帝閽:天帝之宮門(mén)也。《文選·揚(yáng)雄甘泉賦》:“選巫咸兮叫帝閽,開(kāi)天庭兮延群神。”李善注引服虔曰:“令巫祝叫呼天門(mén)也?!?span id="f1ckcph" class='myCommentTag'>○昭昭:明著也。《老子》:“俗人昭昭,我獨(dú)昏昏。”○原文云:“汝之在我,垂簾不使見(jiàn)。茫茫中吾舉手欲乞一炬,而有言自空中來(lái),曰:‘我之在汝,瞽哉!’”蓋汝之在我,謂帝也;我之在汝,謂吾人也。
I lean'd, the Secret of my Life to learn:
And Lip to Lip it murmur'd——"While you live,
"Drink!——for, once dead, you never shall return."
其三十五
紫泥杯里泛流霞,待問(wèn)吾生可有涯?杯自殷勤來(lái)勸我:“君如不飲負(fù)韶華。”
○流霞:泛言美酒。庾信 《衛(wèi)王贈(zèng)桑落酒奉答》詩(shī):“愁人坐狹邪,喜得送流霞?!?span id="xkd1krt" class='myCommentTag'>○有涯:《莊子·養(yǎng)生主》:“吾生也有涯?!弊g原文“吾生之奧旨”。Articulation answer'd, once did live,
And drink; and Ah! the passive Lip I kiss'd,
How many Kisses might it take——and give!
其三十六
問(wèn)杯能飲一杯無(wú)?恐汝前身亦酒徒。閱盡醉中無(wú)限客,今來(lái)勸我只區(qū)區(qū)。
○能飲一杯無(wú):白居易《問(wèn)劉十九》原句。○酒徒:嗜酒者也。《韓非子·詭使》:“今死士之孤饑餓乞于道,而優(yōu)笑酒徒之屬乘車(chē)衣絲?!?span id="suheruh" class='myCommentTag'>○區(qū)區(qū):微而不足道也。《左傳·襄公十七年》:“宋國(guó)區(qū)區(qū),而有詛有祝,禍之本也?!?span id="iumjcjg" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“彼器,方應(yīng)吾言者也,必曾有生,必曾痛飲。吾今所接彼之唇,授受之吻亦必多矣,其漠然哉!”吾國(guó)文字直譯之殊不典,但以“閱盡”二字了之也。To watch a Potter thumping his wet Clay;
And with its all-obliterated Tongue
It murmur'd—"Gently, Brother, gently, pray!"
其三十七
記駐行途看冶陶,冶中陶土作悲號(hào):“君當(dāng)太古原吾與,今日君工且緩操?!?/p> ○太古:遠(yuǎn)古也。《荀子·正論》:“太古薄葬,故不抇也。”吾與:張載《西銘》:“民吾同胞,物吾與也?!痹臑椤靶值堋?,是同胞也,彼陶土也,故譯“吾與”。
Down Man's successive generations roll'd
Of such a clod of saturated Earth
Cast by the Maker into Human mould?
其三十八
傳言黃土造為人,時(shí)有媧皇圣且神。摶者成尊縆者賤,一般代代是浮塵。
○傳言三句:《風(fēng)俗通》:“俗說(shuō)天地初開(kāi)辟,未有人民,女?huà)z摶黃土為人,劇務(wù)力不暇供,乃引繩絙泥中,舉以為人。故富貴賢知者,黃土人也;貧賤凡庸者,引絙人也?!?span id="piunjmz" class='myCommentTag'>○譯文意殊合,但增女?huà)z事耳。For Earth to Drink of, but may steal below
To quench the fire of Anguish in some Eye
There hidden—far beneath, and long ago.
其三十九
哀哀念彼下泉人,一閉重泉不見(jiàn)春。持酒來(lái)澆墳上土,滴君愁破樂(lè)君身。
○下泉:泉下也。王粲 《七哀詩(shī)》其一:“悟彼下泉人,喟然傷心肝?!?span id="ur0tlhk" class='myCommentTag'>○澆墳上土:李賀《浩歌》:“有酒惟澆趙州土?!?span id="hpho5vd" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“吾人酹酒于地,酒自涓滴下滲耳。及其涓滴徑入下泉久閟人目中,適滅彼愁苦之火也?!弊g文惟未用火之喻耳。Of Heav'nly Vintage from the soil looks up,
Do you devoutly do the like, till Heav'n
To Earth invert you—like an empty Cup.
其四十
擎杯當(dāng)學(xué)郁金香,朝露擎來(lái)作酒漿。身不覆時(shí)杯不覆,百年三萬(wàn)六千場(chǎng)。
○郁金香:李白《客中作》:“蘭陵美酒郁金香?!?span id="ikxpmkc" class='myCommentTag'>○杯不覆:覆杯,倒置酒杯,以示戒酒。《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)·軌箴篇》注引鄧粲《晉紀(jì)》曰:“上身服儉約,以先時(shí)務(wù)。性素好酒,將渡江,王導(dǎo)深以諫,帝乃令左右進(jìn)觴,飲而覆之,自是遂不復(fù)飲??思簭?fù)禮,官修其方,而中興之業(yè)隆焉?!?span id="mtgtaia" class='myCommentTag'>○百年句:李白《襄陽(yáng)歌》:“百年三萬(wàn)六千日,一日須傾三百杯?!?To-morrow's tangle to the winds resign,
And lose your fingers in the tresses of
The Cypress-slender Minister of Wine.
其四十一
服食求仙所誤多,百年將奈百憂何?不如挽取行觴女,同向筵前盡醉歌。
○服食句:《古詩(shī)十九首》其十三:“服食求神仙,多為藥所誤?!?span id="tm6spi1" class='myCommentTag'>○百年:人壽百年也。《禮記·曲禮上》:“百年曰期。”陳浩集說(shuō):“人壽以百年為期,故曰期?!卑賾n:《詩(shī)·王風(fēng)·兔爰》:“我生之初尚無(wú)造,我生之后逢此百憂?!?span id="wdqogtl" class='myCommentTag'>○行觴:猶行酒,依次敬酒也。《禮記·投壺》:“命酌,曰:‘請(qǐng)行觴。’”○原文云:“毋復(fù)惑于天人之際矣,明朝之糾葛請(qǐng)付風(fēng)中。且置若指于行觴者之發(fā)際,獨(dú)不見(jiàn)彼身修如翠柏耶?”眭謙兄譯曰:“性天不復(fù)惑人神,明日亂麻風(fēng)解紛。擁醉當(dāng)壚誰(shuí)氏子,指間青發(fā)掌中身?!笔鉃橄喾Q(chēng)。余譯但以字面敷衍耳。End in what All begins and ends in—Yes;
Think then you are TO-DAY what YESTERDAY
You were—TO-MORROW you shall not be less.
其四十二
醇酒婦人聊且?jiàn)?,由他隨化向同途。既言昨日是今日,誰(shuí)道新吾非故吾?
醇酒婦人:酒色也。《史記·魏公子列傳》:“公子自知再以毀廢,乃謝病不朝,與賓客為長(zhǎng)夜飲,飲醇酒,多近婦女?!?span id="pl7hanf" class='myCommentTag'>○隨化:順大化也。《管子·宙合》:“所賢美于圣人者,以其與變隨化也?!?span id="jh5ilda" class='myCommentTag'>○新吾、故吾:《莊子·田子方》:“雖忘乎故吾,吾有不忘者存?!惫笞ⅲ骸半m忘故吾而新吾已至,未始非我,我何患焉?”At last shall find you by the river-brink,
And, offering his Cup, invite your Soul
Forth to your Lips to quaff—you shall not shrink.
其四十三
一旦行行至忘川,孟婆遙立望如仙。相迎滿(mǎn)捧醇醲酒,君莫踟躕不敢前。
○忘川:俗傳人既死,魂至忘川,過(guò)此即冥府也。川上有奈何橋,孟婆當(dāng)之,使飲其湯,則前世盡忘矣。原文言天使,即以孟婆譯;言黑酒,即以其湯譯也。And naked on the Air of Heaven ride,
Were't not a Shame—were't not a Shame for him
In this clay carcase crippled to abide?
其四十四
君若去為尸解仙,御風(fēng)直上自泠然。多慚客養(yǎng)千金體,長(zhǎng)笑齊州九點(diǎn)煙。
○尸解仙:王充《論衡·道虛》:“所謂尸解者,何等也?謂身死精神去乎,謂身不死得免去皮膚也……如謂不死免去皮膚乎,諸學(xué)道死者骨肉俱在,與恒死之尸無(wú)以異也?!笔庀蔀橄扇酥环N。《抱樸子·內(nèi)篇·論仙》:“上士舉形升虛,謂之天仙;中品游于名山,謂之地仙;下士先死后蛻,謂之尸解仙?!?span id="2l6i5pr" class='myCommentTag'>○御風(fēng)句:《莊子·逍遙游》:“列子御風(fēng)而行,泠然善也?!?span id="ijrjwjg" class='myCommentTag'>○客養(yǎng):陶潛《飲酒》其十一:“客養(yǎng)千金軀,臨化消其寶?!?span id="kg6yvyv" class='myCommentTag'>○齊州:李賀《夢(mèng)天》:“遙望齊州九點(diǎn)煙?!?span id="56fxzrj" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“吾魂如能棄其軀也,則擺落牽掛,淩虛而行。視向者之輾轉(zhuǎn)塵下尸骸間,寧無(wú)愧耶?”以諸典實(shí)附會(huì),殊無(wú)不合。A Sultán to the realm of Death addrest;
The Sultán rises, and the dark Ferrásh
Strikes, and prepares it for another Guest.
其四十五
大行途上一穹廬,迎得王來(lái)暫駐輿。王去好教收拾起,明朝過(guò)客尚堪居。
○大行:代指死也。《后漢書(shū)·安帝紀(jì)》:“孝和皇帝懿德巍巍,光于四海;大行皇帝不永天年?!崩钯t注引韋昭曰:“大行者,不反之辭也。天子崩,未有謚,故稱(chēng)大行也。”Account, and mine, should know the like no more;
The Eternal Sáki from that Bowl has pour'd
Millions of Bubbles like us, and will pour.
其四十六
天地?zé)o窮德在生,百年生死若為驚?身如綠蟻新醅酒,持向神筵不住傾。
○天地句:《易·系辭傳》:“天地之大德曰生?!?span id="l0iph1t" class='myCommentTag'>○若為驚:《老子》第十三章:“寵辱若驚,貴大患若身。何謂寵辱若驚?寵為下,得之若驚,失之若驚,是謂寵辱若驚。何謂貴大患若身?吾所以有大患者,為吾有身。及吾無(wú)身,吾有何患?”○綠蟻新醅酒:白居易《問(wèn)劉十九》原句。○原文云:“永存者豈欲銷(xiāo)去吾汝乎?若此等事可毋憂也。不見(jiàn)神筵之行酒者乎??jī)A酒無(wú)盡。吾等止杯中之沫耳,傾之已千萬(wàn)數(shù)也。”譯文意俱似,特用吾典潤(rùn)色之。Oh, but the long, long while the World shall last,
Which of our Coming and Departure heeds
As the Sea's self should heed a pebble-cast.
其四十七
帝帷方入渺無(wú)痕,空見(jiàn)綿綿天地存。來(lái)去但如投一石,微瀾不改海波翻。
○綿綿:《老子》第六章:“谷神不死,是謂玄牝,玄牝之門(mén),是謂天地根。綿綿若存,用之不勤。”Of BEING from the Well amid the Waste—
And Lo! —the phantom Caravan has reach'd
The NOTHING it set out from—Oh, make haste!
其四十八
渴飲何妨片刻留?甘泉一脈出荒丘。遙天幻出胡商隊(duì),空賺行人向盡頭。
○甘泉:《荀子·堯問(wèn)》:“其猶土也,深抇之而得甘泉焉。”○胡商:杜甫《滟滪》:“估客胡商淚滿(mǎn)襟。”○眭謙兄譯曰:“駐軒片暇大荒中,遽飲神泉行色匆。征轡丁令如蜃影,自空處出復(fù)歸空。”末二句尤諧原作。About THE SECRET——quick about it, Friend!
A Hair perhaps divides the False and True—
And upon what, prithee, may life depend?
其四十九
有涯偏自逐無(wú)涯,好辯多方亦足誇。道術(shù)竟為天下裂,是非或在一毫差。
○有涯句:《莊子·養(yǎng)生主》:“吾生也有涯,而知也無(wú)涯,以有涯隨無(wú)涯,殆已。”○好辯:《孟子·滕文公下》:“予豈好辯哉?予不得已也?!倍喾剑?span id="lnf1rjw" class='book'>《莊子·天下》:“惠施多方,其書(shū)五車(chē)?!?span id="pmewowo" class='myCommentTag'>○道術(shù)句:《莊子·天下》:“道術(shù)將為天下裂?!?span id="60sfsar" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“汝果欲問(wèn)其玄奧,而不惜拋擲韶華,徑去哉!是非或在毫釐之間耳。然,汝生果何所恃耶?”譯文以《莊子·天下》篇意衍之。Yes; and a single Alif were the clue—
Could you but find it——to the Treasure-house,
And peradventure to THE MASTER too;
其五十
是非或在一毫差,祈借靈光引路遐。入室全收金匱寶,乘風(fēng)直到玉皇家。
○靈光:以譯原文之Alif,蓋真主安拉之首字也。○金匱:古藏重物之銅匱也。《漢書(shū)·晁錯(cuò)傳》:“陛下之德厚而得賢佐,皆有司之所覽,刻于玉版,藏于金匱,歷之春秋,紀(jì)之后世,為帝者祖宗?!?span id="zwifxph" class='myCommentTag'>○玉皇:天帝。李白 《贈(zèng)別舍人臺(tái)卿之江南》詩(shī):“入洞過(guò)天地,登真朝玉皇?!币嘁宰g真主。Running Quicksilver-like eludes your pains;
Taking all shapes from Máh to Máhi; and
They change and perish all but He remains;
其五十一
象外環(huán)中動(dòng)不居,退藏冥宰莫仁予。東天只見(jiàn)初生月,西海不知終化魚(yú)。
象外環(huán)中: 司空?qǐng)D《詩(shī)品·雄渾》:“超以象外,得其環(huán)中?!眲?dòng)不居:《易·系辭傳》:“《易》之為書(shū)也不可遠(yuǎn),為道也屢遷,變動(dòng)不居,周流六虛。”孔穎達(dá)疏:“言陰陽(yáng)六爻更互變動(dòng),不恒居一體也?!?span id="znfxe56" class='myCommentTag'>○退藏:《易·系辭傳》:“圣人以此洗心,退藏于密,吉兇與民同患,神以知來(lái),知以藏往。”韓康伯注:“言其道深微,萬(wàn)物日用而不能知其原,故曰退藏于密,猶藏諸用也?!壁ぴ祝黑ぶ兄浦病j愘s《游龍祠》:“吾聞川真岳靈有冥宰?!蹦剩?span id="x51tgt6" class='book'>《老子》第五章:“天地不仁,以萬(wàn)物為芻狗?!?span id="ipxfx61" class='myCommentTag'>○東天句:原文云:“彼所賦形者,起于魚(yú),止乎月。”蓋波斯人言,萬(wàn)物始乎魚(yú)終乎月也。Immerst of Darkness round the Drama roll'd
Which, for the Pastime of Eternity,
He doth Himself contrive, enact, behold.
其五十二
一晌登場(chǎng)解意無(wú)?幕垂燈燼暗紅氍。也知真宰閑游戲,譜得傳奇漫自?shī)省?/p> ○紅氍:氍毹,毛織之毯也。舊時(shí)演劇以紅氍毹鋪地,因用指歌場(chǎng)舞臺(tái)也。 張岱《陶庵夢(mèng)憶·劉暉吉女戲》:“十?dāng)?shù)人手?jǐn)y一燈,忽隱忽現(xiàn),怪幻百出,匪夷所思,令唐明皇見(jiàn)之,亦必目睜口開(kāi),謂氍毹場(chǎng)中那得如許光怪耶!”○真宰:萬(wàn)物之宰也。《莊子·齊物論》:“若有真宰,而特不得其眹?!?span id="pxkbtl6" class='myCommentTag'>○傳奇:明清南曲之戲本也。此泛指戲本。
Of Earth, and up to Heav'n's unopening Door,
You gaze TO-DAY, while You are You—how then
TO-MORROW, when You shall be You no more?
其五十三
街衢在地問(wèn)無(wú)途,閶闔在天人漫呼。上下茫茫徒恨了,明朝恨到汝身無(wú)?
○街衢:通衢大道也。《文選·班固西都賦》:“內(nèi)則街衢洞達(dá),閭閻且千?!崩钌谱ⅲ骸?span id="606ianp" class='book'>《說(shuō)文》曰:‘街,四通也……’《爾雅》曰:‘四達(dá)謂之衢?!?span id="6qtgyvi" class='myCommentTag'>○閶闔:《楚辭·離騷》:“吾令帝閽開(kāi)關(guān)兮,倚閶闔而望予?!蓖跻葑ⅲ骸伴嬯H,天門(mén)也?!?span id="er1olyl" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“俯則大地固閉,仰則天門(mén)不啟,盡徒然也。今汝猶是汝,尚得瞻視。明汝已非汝,將欲何為耶?”譯文特未達(dá)今日明朝之相形耳。Of This and That endeavour and dispute;
Better be jocund with the fruitful Grape
Than sadden after none, or bitter, Fruit.
其五十四
彼是終為一是非,君來(lái)辯盡竟何希?知無(wú)實(shí)若葡萄盛,生有涯如杯盞晞。
○彼是句:《莊子·齊物論》,“是亦彼也,彼亦是也。彼亦一是非,此亦一是非?!?span id="xqi1pmz" class='myCommentTag'>○知,智也。原文云:“莫虛擲汝之韶華,莫為無(wú)益之求索,蓋彼是之辯殊無(wú)謂也。葡萄之累累盡足歡也,豈不佳勝彼無(wú)實(shí)抑苦實(shí)者?”其譬喻譯之殊難。黃克孫譯曰:“墾道求真終不穫,便成果實(shí)亦酸辛。何如獨(dú)到南山上,摘取葡萄祭酒神?!鄙蟹Q(chēng)明快。I made a Second Marriage in my house;
Divorced old barren Reason from my Bed,
And took the Daughter of the Vine to Spouse.
其五十五
何期再赴合歡宮,賓客喧闐高興同。虛廓天成離婦恨,蒲桃酒是女兒紅。
○合歡宮:新婚之宮室也。王昌齡《蕭?cǎi)€馬宅花燭》:“青鸞飛入合歡宮?!?span id="pg1ngy6" class='myCommentTag'>○喧闐:喧鬧也。采蘅子 《蟲(chóng)鳴漫錄》卷二:“凡新婚者,卻扇之夕,親朋雜遝,呼笑諠闐,謂之鬧房。”高興:興致之高張也。武元衡 《酬王十八見(jiàn)招》詩(shī):“高興不辭千日醉,隨君走馬向新豐?!?span id="1ebewtr" class='myCommentTag'>○虛廓二句:虛廓,空闊也。曹植 《驅(qū)車(chē)篇》:“發(fā)舉蹈虛廓?!痹脑疲骸氨酥抢隙鵁o(wú)嗣,吾已休之矣。今則以葡萄之女為配哉!”其譬喻意殊難譯之。今勉以虛廓天喻智之無(wú)實(shí),以女兒紅喻葡萄女之新婚耳。余舊譯質(zhì)言之曰:“昨日筵前笑語(yǔ)長(zhǎng),客來(lái)改盡舊庭堂。盡捐經(jīng)史閑書(shū)卷,只備葡萄美酒漿?!币嗖荒芗选m踔t兄譯曰:“慧根乏嗣耄倥侗,卷帳遣教棲冷宮。喜瑞盈門(mén)宴賓友,蒲桃新婦笑嫣紅?!毖哦芎稀?And "UP-AND-DOWN" by Logic I define,
Of all that one should care to fathom, I
Was never deep in anything but——Wine.
其五十六
尺墨難繩世有空,形名莫測(cè)道頹隆。無(wú)端閱遍諸家學(xué),始付生涯到酒中。
○尺墨:法規(guī)也。 沈亞之 《上家官書(shū)》:“及一日操尺墨,樞物機(jī),茫乎不知其從,使左右庸胥,因得侮而役之?!崩K:工之墨繩也,用為衡量。有空:《后漢書(shū)·西域傳論》:“詳其清心釋累之訓(xùn),空有兼遣之宗,道書(shū)之流也?!崩钯t注:“不執(zhí)著為空,執(zhí)著為有;兼遣謂不空不有,虛實(shí)兩忘也。”○形名:實(shí)與名也。《莊子·天道》:“分守已明而形名次之。”郭象注:“得分而物物之名各當(dāng)其形也?!鳖j?。焊呦乱病9?span id="160vruh" class='book'>《與王使君詩(shī)五首》其五:“靡頹匪隆?!?Reduced the Year to better reckoning?——Nay,
'Twas only striking from the Calendar
Unborn To-morrow and dead Yesterday.
其五十七
曾調(diào)歷象授民時(shí),理自庸庸不足奇。銷(xiāo)去明朝和昨日,當(dāng)前杯盞莫須辭。
○歷象:歷法星象。《后漢書(shū)·律歷志中》:“祖堯岱宗,同律度量,考在璣衡,以正歷象,庶乎有益?!碧菩?《春晚宴兩相及禮官麗正殿學(xué)士》詩(shī):“陰陽(yáng)調(diào)歷象,禮樂(lè)報(bào)玄穹。”民時(shí):猶農(nóng)時(shí)也。《史記·五帝本紀(jì)》:“乃命羲和,敬順昊天,數(shù)法日月星辰,敬授民時(shí)?!鄙w莪默曾與歷法之訂,建觀象之臺(tái)也。○庸庸:微貌。《漢書(shū)·梅福傳》:“毋若火,始庸庸。” 顏師古 注:“庸庸,微小貌也?!?Came shining through the Dusk an Angel Shape
Bearing a Vessel on his Shoulder; and
He bid me taste of it; and 'twas——the Grape!
其五十八
曾記前時(shí)暮色青,長(zhǎng)天遙墜酒旗星。蓬門(mén)未入先呼飲,自向肩頭解玉瓶。
○酒旗星:即酒星,古星名??兹?《與曹操論酒禁書(shū)》:“天垂酒星之耀,地列酒泉之郡,人著旨酒之德?!鼻鸱昙?《蘭史招飲酒樓迭前韻》其一:“休奏通天臺(tái)上表,寄愁聊問(wèn)酒旂星?!弊g原文之“狀若天使者”。The Two-and-Seventy jarring Sects confute:
The sovereign Alchemist that in a trice
Life's leaden metal into Gold transmute:
其五十九
辯盡無(wú)涯辯有涯,不如全付酒仙家。能收君淚如鉛水,鍊作黃金買(mǎi)歲華。
○君淚如鉛水:李賀《金銅仙人辭漢歌》:“憶君清淚如鉛水?!?span id="gngdvdv" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“葡萄能以不容置疑之道,杜彼七十二宗之口。其若仙耶?一彈指傾,人生之鉛轉(zhuǎn)成金矣?!弊g文點(diǎn)化之際,不失本意。That all the misbelieving and black Horde
Of Fears and Sorrows that infest the Soul
Scatters before him with his whirlwind Sword.
其六十
遠(yuǎn)交近伐日相侵,費(fèi)盡君王濟(jì)世心。不及生前一杯酒,人間恩怨判消沉。
○遠(yuǎn)交近伐:《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策·秦策三》:“王不如遠(yuǎn)交而近攻,得寸則王之寸,得尺亦王之尺也。今舍此而遠(yuǎn)攻,不亦繆乎?”○濟(jì)世,救世也。《莊子·庚桑楚》:“簡(jiǎn)發(fā)而櫛,數(shù)米而炊,竊竊乎又何足以濟(jì)世哉?”成玄英疏:“此蓋小道,何足救世?!?span id="nz5mjbd" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“大Mahmúd若真主之臨,異教黑奴當(dāng)其風(fēng)輪之劍,盡懷憂懼,紛紛退散矣。”蓋以大Mahmúd喻酒、異教黑奴喻愁,言酒之驅(qū)愁,若大Mahmúd之驅(qū)異教黑奴也。譯文變換其意,求其深也。Blaspheme the twisted tendril as a Snare?
A Blessing, we should use it, should we not?
And if a Curse——why, then, Who set it there?
其六十一
帝使葡萄作酒漿,孰云藤蔓亂常綱?信知天賜終為福,但恐人謀竟是殃。
○原文云:“釀此酒漿者既為上帝之稼,孰云藤蔓為網(wǎng)羅哉?賜之福,何不享為?降之災(zāi),誰(shuí)之過(guò)歟?”譯文但用飾言一二耳。Scared by some After-reckoning ta'en on trust,
Or lured with Hope of some Diviner Drink,
To fill the Cup——when crumbled into Dust!
其六十二
吾身一旦掩松蒿,那覓仙家白玉膏?覆了忘憂杯里物,馀生何處避憂勞?
○松蒿:墓上之松與蒿,即借指墓也。黃滔《祭崔補(bǔ)闕》:“肴匪豐俎,酒匪馨壺。嘆松蒿以永往,托蘋(píng)藻以聊舒?!?span id="6v0iasf" class='myCommentTag'>○白玉膏:玉之脂膏,可為仙藥也。《山海經(jīng)·西山經(jīng)》:“丹水出焉……其中多白玉,是有玉膏。其原沸沸湯湯,黃帝是食是饗?!惫弊⒁?span id="fxuw5tq" class='book'>《河圖玉版》:“少室山,其上有白玉膏,一服即仙矣。”○忘憂:干寶《搜神記》卷十一:“夫酒忘憂,故能消之也?!?span id="o6robxv" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“此亦生之慰也,吾所以斷絕者,或懼身后之追索,或冀泉下之佳飲。”譯文以“忘憂物”譯“生之慰”,以“仙家白玉膏”譯“泉下之佳飲”,用吾典為飾也。余舊譯曰:“達(dá)人換酒解金龜,愚者當(dāng)筵罷玉卮??嗟纴?lái)生有償欠,漫教今日付棲遲?!毕硬蛔阌谛乓?。One thing at least is certain——This Life flies;
One thing is certain and the rest is Lies;
The Flower that once has blown for ever dies.
其六十三
上下茫茫事莫知,但知?dú)q月去如馳。君看今日花成海,不到明年樹(shù)上枝。
○歲月去如馳:曹丕《善哉行》:“今我不樂(lè),歲月如馳?!?span id="znzmert" class='myCommentTag'>○不到句:王國(guó)維《玉樓春》:“君看今日樹(shù)頭花,不是去年枝上朵?!?Before us pass'd the door of Darkness through,
Not one returns to tell us of the Road,
Which to discover we must travel too.
其六十四
先入冥關(guān)不盡人,竟無(wú)一語(yǔ)報(bào)交親。懸知我輩終須到,再若相逢可有因?
○交親:戚友也。趙曄 《吳越春秋·闔閭內(nèi)傳》:“吳不信前日之盟,棄貢賜之國(guó)而滅其交親。”○懸知:料知也。庾信《和趙王看伎》:“懸知曲不誤,無(wú)事畏周郎?!?Who rose before us, and as Prophets burn'd,
Are all but Stories, which, awoke from Sleep
They told their comrades, and to Sleep return'd.
其六十五
黃泉碧落事茫如,等是南柯太守書(shū)。囈語(yǔ)偶然成聳動(dòng),夢(mèng)魂終自在浮虛。
○黃泉:地下也。《左傳·隱公元年》:“不及黃泉,無(wú)相見(jiàn)也?!北搪洌呵嗵煲?。 楊炯 《和輔先入昊天觀星瞻》:“碧落三乾外,黃圖四海中。”○南柯太守書(shū):唐李公佐有《南柯太守傳》,言夢(mèng)魂虛無(wú)之事也。囈語(yǔ):夢(mèng)話也。王嘉 《拾遺記·吳》:“﹝ 呂蒙 ﹞嘗在孫策座上酣醉,忽臥,于夢(mèng)中誦《周易》一部,俄而驚起……眾座皆云:‘呂蒙囈語(yǔ)通《周易》?!甭杽?dòng):使人驚也。《南史·江夷傳》:“每從游幸,與群僚相隨,見(jiàn)傳詔馳來(lái),知當(dāng)呼己,聳動(dòng)愧恧,形于容貌?!?span id="5tld05p" class='myCommentTag'>○浮虛:李公佐《南柯太守傳》:“感南柯之浮虛。”○原文云:“圣賢之言天啟也,若被焚之巫覡,皆小說(shuō)語(yǔ)。蓋彼方從夢(mèng)醒,朦朧告其侶,言已復(fù)入夢(mèng)間矣。”譯文用唐人傳奇事也。Some letter of that After-life to spell:
And by and by my Soul return'd to me,
And answer'd "I Myself am Heav'n and Hell":
其六十六
遣吾魂魄去幽冥,今世來(lái)生辨本形?;昶琼晻r(shí)還報(bào)我:“茫茫上下獨(dú)伶俜。”
○魂魄:《左傳·昭公七年》:“匹夫匹婦強(qiáng)死,其魂魄猶能馮依于人,以為淫厲。”幽冥:《文選·曹植王仲宣誄》:“嗟乎夫子,永安幽冥?!眳蜗蜃ⅲ骸坝内ぃ叵乱?。”○伶俜:孤零貌。杜甫 《新安吏》:“肥男有母送,瘦男獨(dú)伶俜?!痹脑疲骸拔嵘砑刺焯门c地獄也?!弊g文變化言之。And Hell the Shadow from a Soul on fire,
Cast on the Darkness into which Ourselves,
So late emerged from, shall so soon expire.
其六十七
幻妄俱從嗜欲生,天堂地獄本虛名。茫茫我自閑來(lái)去,一起機(jī)心有不平。
○嗜欲:貪欲也。《荀子·性惡》:“妻子具而孝衰于親,嗜欲得而信衰于友,爵祿盈而忠衰于君?!?span id="curewjw" class='myCommentTag'>○天堂地獄:《宋書(shū)·夷蠻傳·天竺婆黎國(guó)》:“敘地獄則民懼其罪,敷天堂則物歡其福。”○機(jī)心:機(jī)巧之心。《莊子·天地》:“吾聞之吾師,有機(jī)械者必有機(jī)事,有機(jī)事者必有機(jī)心。機(jī)心存于胸中,則純白不備?!背尚⑹瑁骸坝袡C(jī)動(dòng)之務(wù)者,必有機(jī)變之心?!?span id="zh1tljf" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“天堂者,欲念之虛足也。地獄者,火焚之心魂投諸暗地之幻影也。方從彼出,旋復(fù)將逝。”蓋天堂地獄所以不齊者,生人之有嗜欲也。其出與逝,浮游乘化之事,一起機(jī)心,乃有不平也。故譯文如是言也。Of Magic Shadow-shapes that come and go
Round with the Sun-illumined Lantern held
In Midnight by the Master of the Show;
其六十八
馬騎燈里影回旋,盡自紛紛幻大千。一點(diǎn)孤明陽(yáng)燧火,是誰(shuí)取向正中懸?
○馬騎燈:走馬燈也。金盈之 《醉翁談錄·京城風(fēng)俗記·正月》:“上元,自月初開(kāi)東華門(mén)為鐙字……又有鐙毬、鐙槊、絹鐙籠、日月鐙、詩(shī)牌絹鐙、鏡鐙、字鐙、馬騎鐙?!狈冻纱?《上元紀(jì)吳中節(jié)物俳諧體三十二韻》“映光魚(yú)隱現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)影騎縱橫?!痹ⅲ骸榜R騎燈?!?span id="n0e3mer" class='myCommentTag'>○大千:大千世界之省也。道恒 《釋駁論》:“故神暉一震,則感動(dòng)大千?!?span id="ucz11bo" class='myCommentTag'>○陽(yáng)燧:《周禮·秋官·司烜氏》:“司烜氏掌以夫遂取明火于日,以鑒?!编嵭?注:“夫遂,陽(yáng)遂也?!辟Z公彥疏:“以其日者,太陽(yáng)之精,取火于日,故名陽(yáng)遂?!痹脑疲骸氨藷糁庾躁?yáng)精來(lái),持燈者夜半挑之。”或言月也。此以陽(yáng)燧火譯之,更肖燈也。Upon this Chequer-board of Nights and Days;
Hither and thither moves, and checks, and slays,
And one by one back in the Closet lays.
其六十九
晝夜界成縱與橫,誰(shuí)家有此一棋枰?吾人為子隨翻覆,覆盡揮將笥里行。
○棋枰:棋局也。司空?qǐng)D 《丁巳元日》詩(shī):“移居荒藥圃,耗志在棋枰?!?span id="row5t5f" class='myCommentTag'>○翻覆:《文選·孔稚圭北山移文》:“豈期終始參差,蒼黃翻覆?!眳窝訚?jì)注:“翻覆,不定也。”此言棋子之去取也。○笥:棋笥也。But Here or There as strikes the Player goes;
And He that toss'd you down into the Field,
He knows about it all—HE knows—HE knows!
其七十
玉勒金鞍笑打毬,一桿擊處看星流。偶然墮地真游戲,怨甚君身不自由?
○玉勒二句:王直《端午日觀打球》:“玉勒千金馬,雕文七寶球。鞚飛驚電掣,杖奮覺(jué)星流。”○游戲:嬉戲也。《韓非子·難三》:“管仲之所謂‘言室滿(mǎn)室,言堂滿(mǎn)堂’者,非特謂游戲飲食之言也,必謂大物也?!痹脑疲骸氨酥磺幸病1酥?!彼知之!”而未言所知,此但以游戲譯之耳。○自由:任由自身也。《古詩(shī)為焦仲卿妻作》:“吾意久懷忿,汝豈得自由?”Moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it.
其七十一
揮毫司命簿中書(shū),夭壽無(wú)情盡在予。好學(xué)積仁庸得易?哀陳泣訴莫能紓。
○司命:掌生死之神。《莊子·至樂(lè)》:“吾使司命復(fù)生子形,為子骨肉肌膚。”司命簿即生死簿也。○夭壽句:《楚辭·大司命》:“紛總總兮九州,何壽夭兮在予?!?span id="m6nebjg" class='myCommentTag'>○好學(xué):《論語(yǔ)·公冶長(zhǎng)》:“敏而好學(xué),不恥下問(wèn),是以謂之文也?!贝俗g智也。積仁:《史記·伯夷列傳》:“若伯夷、叔齊,可謂善人者非邪?積仁絜行如此而餓死!”此譯虔也。Whereunder crawling coop'd we live and die,
Lift not your hands to It for help——for It
As impotently moves as you or I.
其七十二
上者蒼蒼是一穹,茫然下覆作樊籠。我來(lái)生死因休問(wèn),天自回旋勢(shì)所同。
○上者二句:《樂(lè)府詩(shī)集·雜歌謠辭·敕勒歌》:“天似穹廬,籠蓋四野?!瘪罚∑鹈?,故以譯覆碗。○我來(lái)二句:原文云:“毋舉手呼其助也,彼之無(wú)能一如吾汝。”譯文益以蒼茫之致耳。And the first Morning of Creation wrote
What the Last Dawn of Reckoning shall read.
其七十三
黃土摶成最后人,便教代代作浮塵。來(lái)從何處歸何處,底事臨歸恨不申?
○原文云:“太初之陶泥摶成末世之人形,末世之獲也即在此太初之種。既書(shū)于開(kāi)辟之朝,必誦于末世之晨。”譯文“底事臨歸恨不申”一句衍其感慨也。TO-MORROW'S Silence, Triumph, or Despair:
Drink! for you know not whence you came, nor why:
Drink! for you know not why you go, nor where.
其七十四
今朝既付飲疏狂,明日寧論意短長(zhǎng)?世事但知前已定,去來(lái)莫問(wèn)且揮觴。
○疏狂:不受拘束也。白居易 《代書(shū)詩(shī)寄微之》:“疏狂屬年少。”○意短長(zhǎng):陶淵明《九日閒居詩(shī)》:“世短意恒多,斯人樂(lè)久生。”○前已定:譯原文“昨日之預(yù)也”。○揮觴:陶潛《詠二疏》:“揮觴道平素?!?Over the flaming shoulders of the Foal
Of Heav'n, Parwin and Mushtari they flung,
In my predestined Plot of Dust and Soul
其七十五
爰命羲和御六龍,旄頭高揭歲星從。茫茫馳過(guò)黃塵去,留得紅云下罩儂。
○羲和:《楚辭·離騷》:“吾令羲和弭節(jié)兮,望崦嵫而勿迫?!蓖跻葑ⅲ骸棒撕?,日御也?!?span id="w0xt6ro" class='book'>《初學(xué)記》卷一引《淮南子·天文訓(xùn)》:“爰止羲和,爰息六螭,是謂懸車(chē)?!痹ⅲ骸叭粘塑?chē),駕以六龍,羲和御之?!弊g原文之天馬,即日也。○旄頭:昴宿也。《漢書(shū)·天文志》:“昴曰旄頭,胡星也,為白衣會(huì)。”即原文之Parwin也。歲星:木星也。蓋木星十二年行一周天,分天為十二次。年經(jīng)一次,以其所在星次紀(jì)年,稱(chēng)歲星也。《史記·天官書(shū)》:“察日月之行,以揆歲星順逆。”即原文之Mushtari也。○茫茫二句:原文云:“擲諸吾塵與魂之定命。”此占星家語(yǔ),謂日之所值,吾人命有所定焉。而吾人以塵為軀,以魂為主也。譯文以“黃塵”示吾人,以“紅云”示定命也。If clings my Being——let the Dervish flout;
Of my Base metal may be filed a Key
That shall unlock the Door he howls without.
其七十六
葡萄藤蔓結(jié)吾生,舉酒問(wèn)誰(shuí)青眼橫?君自苦行休笑我,濁醪妙理正難明。
○青眼橫:黃庭堅(jiān)《登快閣》:“青眼聊因美酒橫?!?span id="1muwply" class='myCommentTag'>○濁醪妙理:杜甫《晦日尋崔戢李封》:“濁醪有妙理,庶用慰沈浮。”原文云:“吾以此賤質(zhì)為鍵,得啟其戶(hù)?!币蛞浴皾狨裁罾怼弊g其所喻之意也。Kindle to Love, or Wrath-consume me quite,
One Flash of It within the Tavern caught
Better than in the Temple lost outright.
其七十七
貪盡春風(fēng)酒色天,莫因用逸畏前賢。名添兩廡吾何用,輸與旗亭斗十千。
○春風(fēng)酒色天:唐孫華《王南湖納燕姬戲贈(zèng)四絕句》其二:“為郎低唱斟金斝,消受春風(fēng)酒色天?!?span id="0v05sp6" class='myCommentTag'>○用逸:《尚書(shū)·酒誥》:“爾乃自介用逸?!?span id="t5aian1" class='myCommentTag'>○兩廡:文廟中先賢從祀處。《明史·禮志四》:“兩廡從祀……凡九十一人。”○旗亭斗十千:賀鑄《小梅花》:“作雷顛,不論錢(qián),誰(shuí)問(wèn)旗亭美酒斗十千?”○原文云:“吾知之,彼真火也,或燃愛(ài)欲,或致責(zé)怒。但使吾能于酒肆中一瞥見(jiàn),即勝逡巡于廟堂中也。”譯文組織吾國(guó)故實(shí)達(dá)其意也。A conscious Something to resent the yoke
Of unpermitted Pleasure, under pain
Of Everlasting Penalties, if broke!
其七十八
黃土摶人魂魄生,正多哀樂(lè)世間情。一從理欲成分隔,直到今朝恨不平。
○理欲:天理人欲之省也。《禮記·樂(lè)記》:“人化物也者,滅天理而窮人欲者也。”《宋史·陳宓傳》:“宓天性剛毅,通道尤篤,嘗為《朱墨銘》,謂朱屬陽(yáng),墨屬陰,以驗(yàn)理欲分寸之多寡。”○原文云:“自不仁之虛無(wú)所出之血肉,寧是能感之有乎?尚能怨此錮哀樂(lè)之節(jié)耶?不中者其必受永世之罰也!”譯文不用此反語(yǔ),而正言之也。Pure Gold for what he lent him dross-allay'd—
Sue for a Debt he never did contract,
And cannot answer——Oh the sorry trade!
其七十九
媧皇泥土予吾人,還以精金鑄圣身。此事憑誰(shuí)相約束?世間妄意總非真。
○原文云:“彼付者泥滓也,而索者精金也。為彼所造者何無(wú)奈耶!吾人固未嘗貸也,何償為?此貿(mào)易之最堪悲者哉!”譯文緩其激切,不以瀆圣也。Beset the Road I was to wander in,
Thou wilt not with Predestined Evil round
Enmesh, and then impute my Fall to Sin!
其八十
人生漂蕩苦消魂,處處相逢有酒樽。我到樽前沉湎盡,天如罪我是奇冤。
○沉湎:《尚書(shū)?胤征》:“羲和湎淫?!笨讉?“沉湎于酒。”○原文云:“吾獨(dú)行彷徨,途中非盡汝所布陷人之惑耶?汝豈使我入彀中,復(fù)以墮落罪我耶?”蓋陷人之惑,即酒也。And ev'n with Paradise devise the Snake:
For all the Sin wherewith the Face of Man
Is blacken'd—Man's forgiveness give—and take!
其八十一
摶土縆泥意已差,力窮竟未拔其蛇。人神從此交相恕,更以何心判正邪?
○力窮句:李商隱《詠史》:“力窮難拔蜀山蛇?!?span id="0spxkce" class='myCommentTag'>○交相:互相也。《詩(shī)·小雅·角弓》:“不令兄弟,交相為瘉?!笨追f達(dá)疏:“其不善之人于兄弟則無(wú)恩義,唯交更相詬病而已?!?span id="ng6dv6n" class='myCommentTag'>○人神句:原文云:“汝以諸罪黥人之面,汝既予赦,又得赦也!”譯文之后句衍原文之前句也。○余舊譯云:“何事人身用土漿?何緣蛇跡在仙鄉(xiāng)?竟知善惡由誰(shuí)作?帝力人心漫較量?!毕佑诘诙錈o(wú)吾國(guó)故實(shí),故用義山詩(shī)字面改譯之。Slunk hunger-stricken Ramazán away,
Once more within the Potter's house alone
I stood, surrounded by the Shapes of Clay.
其八十二
下九首為《甕歌行》只待消除禁食天,望中紅日尚西懸。陶家坊肆重行到,甕缶紛紛擁我前。
○甕歌行:原文KUZA-NAMA(Pot-book)之譯。甕,陶瓶也。此九首假為諸甕缶之言。○禁食天:原文Ramazán之譯,伊斯蘭歷第九月,齋月也。后即Shawwal,開(kāi)齋節(jié)始矣。此齋月之末日也,日盡則齋月終也。That stood along the floor and by the wall;
And some loquacious Vessels were; and some
Listen'd perhaps, but never talk'd at all.
其八十三
紅泥紫釉自斑斕,巨甕長(zhǎng)瓶各就班?;驋毂陂g歌不止,或陳地上態(tài)偏閑。
○紅泥句:原文但言式樣、大小,未言色采,蓋非彩陶也。此紅泥紫釉,但見(jiàn)其燒制火候之異,亦言式樣,非言色采也。○就班:居其當(dāng)位也。陸機(jī)《文賦》:“然后選義按部,考辭就班?!?"My substance of the common Earth was ta'en
"And to this Figure moulded, to be broke,
"Or trampled back to shapeless Earth again."
其八十四
或言身本在泥陶,成毀由人信手操。今是壺樽明是土,若他生死豈徒勞?
○若君句:原文但言徒勞,不譬人之生死。而壺之成毀,實(shí)即人之生死也,故作是譯。Would break the Bowl from which he drank in joy;
And He that with his hand the Vessel made
Will surely not in after Wrath destroy."
其八十五
或言否否請(qǐng)深思,大匠焉能似此嬉!見(jiàn)說(shuō)兒童惜杯盞,孰云君子敗尊彝?
○大匠:木工之精詣?wù)摺?span id="tfsznf1" class='book'>《老子》:“夫代司殺者殺,是謂代大匠斲。夫代大匠斲者,稀有不傷其手矣?!贝酥柑展?,而又譬夫造物者也。○尊彝:禮器也。《周禮·春官·司尊彝》:“司尊彝,掌六尊六彝之位?!?span id="p05vjgx" class='book'>《國(guó)語(yǔ)·周語(yǔ)中》:“出其尊彝,陳其俎豆?!表f昭注:“尊、彝皆受酒之器也。”○原文云:“其次者曰:雖狡童不毀其杯盞,蓋嘗欣然以之飲也。即盛怒下,彼豈必輕毀我輩哉!”譯文“君子敗尊彝”云云,旁衍之慨嘆耳。Some Vessel of a more ungainly Make;
"They sneer at me for leaning all awry:
What! did the Hand then of the Potter shake?"
其八十六
時(shí)則諸壺默不言,忽聞窳器苦鳴冤:“人皆笑我形枯槁,失手誰(shuí)于大匠論?”
○窳:惡也。《史記·五帝紀(jì)》:“器不苦窳?!?I think a Súfi pipkin—waxing hot—
"All this of Pot and Potter—Tell me, then,
Who is the Potter, pray, and who the Pot?"
其八十七
時(shí)有能言小缶來(lái),善齊物論語(yǔ)相開(kāi):“若知天下無(wú)同異,窳器何輸大匠才?”
○善齊物論:《莊子》有《齊物論》篇。原文之小缶,執(zhí)伊斯蘭蘇菲教派之泛神說(shuō),譯文以齊物說(shuō)擬之也。語(yǔ)相開(kāi):蘇軾《減字木蘭花·彭門(mén)留別》:“一語(yǔ)相開(kāi),匹似當(dāng)初本不來(lái)?!?span id="qsfxume" class='myCommentTag'>○同異:《莊子·天下》:“大同而與小同異,此之謂小同異;萬(wàn)物畢同畢異,此之謂大同異?!?span id="wjb50wj" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“方其時(shí),有多言者,或一蘇菲派之小缶也,慍怒曰:陶器與陶工何為哉?君試告我:孰為陶工?孰為陶器?”今以齊物說(shuō)擬之,故語(yǔ)多曠達(dá)也。Of one who threatens he will toss to Hell
The luckless Pots he marr'd in making——Pish!
He's a Good Fellow, and 'twill all be well."
其八十八
一言忽發(fā)甚莊嚴(yán):“爾輩云何妄自占?陋如窳器恩猶在,慈似春陽(yáng)物普沾。”
○慈似句:借宋儒“心普萬(wàn)物”意譯之。○原文云:“又有言者曰:諸君俱言彼將擲窳器于地獄,為其失手者也。諸君且勿喧!彼誠(chéng)善者,所為盡善也?!鄙w信士語(yǔ)也,故以莊嚴(yán)語(yǔ)譯之。My Clay with long Oblivion is gone dry:
But fill me with the old familiar Juice
Methinks I might recover by and by."
其八十九
一杯如怨自呢喃:“人不惜兮君不銜。閑置塵埃身久渴,請(qǐng)將暖酒解吾饞?!?/p> ○呢喃:《玉篇·口部》:“呢喃,小聲多言也?!?span id="tfxumuc" class='myCommentTag'>○銜:含也。劉伶《酒德頌》:“捧罌承槽,銜杯漱醪。”
The little Moon look'd in that all were seeking:
And then they jogg'd each other, "Brother! Brother!
Now for the Porter's shoulder-knot a-creaking!"
其九十
坊頭正有月纖纖,甕缶紛然引領(lǐng)瞻?!巴达嬋针S新月到,明朝須待掛青簾?!?/p> ○纖纖:尖細(xì)貌。鮑照 《玩月城西門(mén)廨中》詩(shī):“始見(jiàn)西南樓,纖纖如玉鉤?!?span id="hfmerjl" class='myCommentTag'>○引領(lǐng):望之殷也。《左傳·成公十三年》:“及君之嗣也,我君景公引領(lǐng)西望曰:‘庶撫我乎!’”○痛飲句:蓋新月出則齋月竟矣。○青簾:酒肆幌也。鄭谷 《旅寓洛陽(yáng)村舍》詩(shī):“青簾認(rèn)酒家?!痹脑疲骸熬茐褖壕迫思??!?span id="e0hzbta" class='small'>(眭謙譯)言輸酒也。譯文言賣(mài)酒也。蓋齋月過(guò)矣,可以飲矣。
And wash the Body whence the Life has died,
And lay me, shrouded in the living Leaf,
By some not unfrequented Garden-side.
其九十一
一朝命盡赴黃塵,乞用瓊漿洗我身。留得葡萄藤蔓在,與儂點(diǎn)綴玉壺春。
○瓊漿:仙家之飲,喻美酒也。《楚辭·招魂》:“華酌既陳,有瓊漿些?!?span id="kifrebt" class='myCommentTag'>○玉壺春:酒也。《詩(shī)品·典雅》:“玉壺買(mǎi)春?!?span id="jl5jbna" class='myCommentTag'>○黃克孫譯云:“一旦魂歸萬(wàn)事空,勞君傾酒洗萍蹤。遺身愿裹葡萄葉,葬在名花怒放中?!庇嘧g末句意從玉壺春中逗出。Of Vintage shall fling up into the Air
As not a True-believer passing by
But shall be overtaken unaware.
其九十二
玉壺澆向死軀灰,生出葡萄藤蔓來(lái)。彼自多情偏泥客,圣徒牽共酒徒回。
○泥:滯纏也。元稹《遣悲懷》:“泥他沽酒拔金釵”。○ 原文云:“吾軀已成灰矣,猶向中天布葡萄之藤蔓如網(wǎng)羅。而過(guò)往之正信士,不覺(jué)為之所縛也?!弊g文更宛其辭也。Have done my credit in this World much wrong:
Have drown'd my Glory in a shallow Cup,
And sold my Reputation for a Song.
其九十三
長(zhǎng)年銷(xiāo)盡世間情,中圣何須避濁清?不許淺斟邀令譽(yù),便將低唱抵浮名。
○長(zhǎng)年句:原文云“世間聲望盡敗”,故譯云“銷(xiāo)盡世間情”也。○中圣:醉酒也。李白 《贈(zèng)孟浩然》詩(shī):“醉月頻中圣,迷花不事君?!贝俗g原文之Idols。濁清:酒之清者佳、濁者劣也。○不許二句:柳永《鶴沖天》:“忍把浮名, 換了淺斟低唱。”I swore—but was I sober when I swore?
And then and then came Spring, and Rose-in-hand
My thread-bare Penitence apieces tore.
其九十四
幾回年少悔疏狂?也向尊前懺一場(chǎng)。待得春風(fēng)吹酒醒,又拚今世為花忙。
○懺一場(chǎng):玉并《南鄉(xiāng)子·棠院養(yǎng)疴譜此遣悶》:“移榻就紅芳,綺恨和鸚懺一場(chǎng)?!?span id="bu5cpgy" class='myCommentTag'>○為花忙:歐陽(yáng)修《望江南》:“長(zhǎng)是為花忙?!?And robb'd me of my Robe of Honour—Well,
I wonder often what the Vintners buy
One half so precious as the stuff they sell.
其九十五
毀盡榮名誤盡吾,事猶不解酒家胡。卿來(lái)賣(mài)此忘憂物,一世歡顏買(mǎi)得無(wú)?
○酒家胡:當(dāng)壚侍酒之胡姬。辛延年 《羽林郎》詩(shī):“昔有霍家奴,姓馮名子都。依倚將軍勢(shì),調(diào)笑酒家胡。胡姬年十五,春日獨(dú)當(dāng)壚。”○原文云:“酒誠(chéng)誤我者,盡奪吾之榮名矣。然我猶不解,彼賣(mài)酒者所得何物,其價(jià)能及彼所賣(mài)者之半耶?”譯文以韶華之胡姬為言,牽合憂與歡也。That Youth's sweet-scented manuscript should close!
The Nightingale that in the branches sang,
Ah whence, and whither flown again, who knows!
其九十六
花已飄零春已歸,韶華不住漫依依。枝頭自愛(ài)黃鸝囀,誰(shuí)曉去來(lái)何處飛?
○韶華:青春年也。李賀 《嘲少年》詩(shī):“莫道韶華鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)在,發(fā)白面皺專(zhuān)相待?!痹脑疲骸扒啻褐?shī)卷亦已掩矣?!鄙厝A句譯此意也。○黃鸝囀:王維《積雨輞川莊作》:“陰陰夏木囀黃鸝?!?One glimpse—if dimly, yet indeed, reveal'd,
To which the fainting Traveller might spring,
As springs the trampled herbage of the field!
其九十七
茫茫瀚海見(jiàn)泉蹤,渴極行人一躍從。若踏陌頭春草偃,頃時(shí)昂起復(fù)蒙茸。
○草偃:《論語(yǔ)·顏淵》:“君子之德風(fēng),小人之德草,草上之風(fēng),必偃?!?span id="5g0hv1c" class='myCommentTag'>○蒙茸:蔥蘢之草木也。蘇軾 《后赤壁賦》:“履巉巖,披蒙茸。”○原文云:“漠上但有一線之甘泉,雖隱約而能瞥見(jiàn),疲人必一躍而從,若踏偃之草復(fù)又挺立?!贝擞黝H難移譯也。舊譯曰:“漠上甘泉在望中,疲人豈懼路難窮?此時(shí)應(yīng)似沙頭草,踏遍還伸不屈躬。”尤不佳也。Arrest the yet unfolded Roll of Fate,
And make the stern Recorder otherwise
Enregister, or quite obliterate!
其九十八
仙人來(lái)日尚迢遙,猶及韶年未盡凋。乞把平生重付與,眼前罪悔一時(shí)銷(xiāo)。
○迢遙:遠(yuǎn)貌。顏延之 《秋胡詩(shī)》:“迢遙行人遠(yuǎn),婉轉(zhuǎn)年運(yùn)徂。”○佳年也。唐德宗《中和節(jié)日宴百僚賜詩(shī)》:“韶年啟仲序,初吉諧良辰?!?span id="jw1dkmz" class='myCommentTag'>○原文云:“祈天使展翼之來(lái)也,猶有馀時(shí),得掩此運(yùn)命之卷。使彼至嚴(yán)之書(shū)吏重筆之,或則盡削之?!弊g文以吾邦之辭韻寫(xiě)之,而其意宛然。To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire,
Would not we shatter it to bits——and then
Re-mould it nearer to the Heart's Desire!
其九十九
帝意真能感應(yīng)無(wú)?遣教吾汝握靈樞。不須宇宙俱顛覆,重畫(huà)先天太極圖。
○感應(yīng):神明之響應(yīng)人事也。顏之推 《顏氏家訓(xùn)·歸心》:“神通感應(yīng),不可思量?!眲⒅獛?《史通·書(shū)事》:“幽明感應(yīng),禍福萌兆則書(shū)之?!?span id="hf1xz1r" class='myCommentTag'>○靈樞:天樞也,北斗之第一星。秦觀《代賀興龍節(jié)表》:“大呂飛灰,爰屬星回之序;靈樞繞電,實(shí)當(dāng)圣誕之期?!币宰g原文“萬(wàn)物之格度”也。○先天太極圖:亦名天地自然之圖,云是陳摶所傳,宋儒之說(shuō)也。重畫(huà)之,即譯原文之重鑄萬(wàn)物也。○原文云:“所歡乎!彼真能與吾汝同心耶?盡握萬(wàn)物之格度。我輩乃不必先毀之,而后從心以鑄之也?!?How oft hereafter will she wax and wane;
How oft hereafter rising look for us
Through this same Garden—and for one in vain!
其一百
明月尋人夜夜來(lái),盈虛不改此追陪。凄涼知有誰(shuí)相遇?只向空?qǐng)@照冷杯。
○盈虛:月之圓缺也。徐敞《圓靈水鏡》詩(shī):“明滅淪江水,盈虛逐砌蓂?!弊放悖盒靸S《常自在歌》:“清風(fēng)明月相追陪。”○冷杯:白居易《和薛秀才尋梅花同飲見(jiàn)贈(zèng)》:“便試花前飲冷杯?!?span id="y5gy5ks" class='myCommentTag'>○汪夢(mèng)川譯云:“彼月重臨若遂初,爾來(lái)無(wú)盡度盈虛。何期舊苑相尋處,卻道斯人已闕如?!?Among the Guests Star-scatter'd on the Grass,
And in your joyous errand reach the spot
Where I made One-turn down an empty Glass!
TAMAM
其一百零一
依舊行觴勸客來(lái),翩如星里月徘徊。乞君到我當(dāng)時(shí)座,聊為空空酹一杯。
○卷終 汪夢(mèng)川譯云:“芳茵分座意融融,飲伴星羅少此翁。寄語(yǔ)殷勤巡酒客,經(jīng)過(guò)須放一尊空?!?